{ "id": "32cb16dc-f9d2-49da-83d4-b1289bf0dcb4", "subtitle": "Defenders of Freedom", "title": "The Machiavellians", "type": "PAPERBACK", "url": null, "year": "1943", "publisherId": "lume-books", "notes": null, "volume": null, "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:44:30.291Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:45:33.649Z", "texts": [ { "id": "the-machiavellians", "subtitle": "Defenders of Freedom", "title": "The Machiavellians", "type": "BOOK", "year": "1943", "notes": "This is one of those short works that fully rewires the way you think about a topic. In this case, that topic is political system design. Burnham argues compellingly, drawing on Machiavelli, that the best way to secure liberty is to:\n\n1. have a populace with a deep knowledge of how power works\n2. have a state run by relatively equal, diametrically opposed groups of elites, who spend all their time and energy in fierce zero-sum competition against each other, instead of on efficiently oppressing the people", "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:39:23.778Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T19:21:26.443Z" } ], "authors": [ { "id": "james-burnham", "name": "James Burnham", "shortName": null, "yearBorn": "1905", "yearDied": "1987", "fictional": false, "notes": null, "bio": "American political theorist", "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:37:30.018Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:38:19.493Z", "linkWikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Burnham", "linkTwitter": null } ], "editors": [], "translators": [], "publisher": { "id": "lume-books", "name": "Lume Books", "location": null, "url": null, "notes": null, "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:44:58.070Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:45:08.321Z" }, "citations": [ { "id": "10929bbe-f8ef-4b25-8449-3aed35c21325", "thingId": "32cb16dc-f9d2-49da-83d4-b1289bf0dcb4", "start": "ii", "end": null, "startLine": 7, "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:46:02.935Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:46:02.935Z", "sourceId": "86768e20-11ab-4172-8593-d99087b6a053", "subtextId": null, "source": { "id": "86768e20-11ab-4172-8593-d99087b6a053", "primary": true, "quoteId": "c2c6cbaf-ae85-441b-8814-e22c05bce840", "textId": "the-machiavellians", "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:46:02.935Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:46:02.935Z", "quote": { "id": "c2c6cbaf-ae85-441b-8814-e22c05bce840", "key": null, "content": "Only by renouncing all ideology can we begin to see the world and man.", "notes": null, "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:46:02.935Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:46:02.935Z" } } }, { "id": "4545cfc1-0ed4-44b9-9b94-02cf961821cb", "thingId": "32cb16dc-f9d2-49da-83d4-b1289bf0dcb4", "start": "24", "end": null, "startLine": 2, "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:47:49.061Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:47:49.061Z", "sourceId": "fdde5da2-f877-489f-a811-a24f1bce66a5", "subtextId": null, "source": { "id": "fdde5da2-f877-489f-a811-a24f1bce66a5", "primary": true, "quoteId": "fe6bd0de-43be-49be-a422-348f22a1544a", "textId": "the-machiavellians", "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:47:49.061Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:47:49.061Z", "quote": { "id": "fe6bd0de-43be-49be-a422-348f22a1544a", "key": null, "content": "Men are wanting beings; they are freed from want only by death.", "notes": null, "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:47:49.061Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:47:49.061Z" } } }, { "id": "a98980db-470f-48b6-b08b-1a334f0fc907", "thingId": "32cb16dc-f9d2-49da-83d4-b1289bf0dcb4", "start": "27", "end": null, "startLine": 5, "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:49:01.424Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:49:01.424Z", "sourceId": "47fa8745-0c6a-4a65-8ef3-ba8abe8ba76c", "subtextId": null, "source": { "id": "47fa8745-0c6a-4a65-8ef3-ba8abe8ba76c", "primary": true, "quoteId": "dda24797-c1c7-495a-8099-e372eff9c25a", "textId": "the-machiavellians", "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:49:01.424Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:49:01.424Z", "quote": { "id": "dda24797-c1c7-495a-8099-e372eff9c25a", "key": null, "content": "All human activities have goals, usually several of them, open or hidden, whether or not admitted by the actor. The activity of scientific investigation is no different.", "notes": null, "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:49:01.424Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:49:01.424Z" } } }, { "id": "59fc4d11-b7c0-4935-a3ae-34738744cc65", "thingId": "32cb16dc-f9d2-49da-83d4-b1289bf0dcb4", "start": "30", "end": null, "startLine": 29, "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:50:22.574Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:50:22.574Z", "sourceId": "3d4c0b58-48d0-4b63-b31b-15c19f9fc040", "subtextId": null, "source": { "id": "3d4c0b58-48d0-4b63-b31b-15c19f9fc040", "primary": true, "quoteId": "d602aa43-1f7a-459e-9999-123c1b381db2", "textId": "the-machiavellians", "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:50:22.574Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:50:22.574Z", "quote": { "id": "d602aa43-1f7a-459e-9999-123c1b381db2", "key": null, "content": "There are no dreams or ghosts in Machiavelli. He lives and writes in the daylight world.", "notes": null, "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:50:22.574Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:50:22.574Z" } } }, { "id": "d889aabf-d956-4c27-be49-5803fc8da7e0", "thingId": "32cb16dc-f9d2-49da-83d4-b1289bf0dcb4", "start": "31", "end": null, "startLine": 26, "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:52:13.862Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:52:13.862Z", "sourceId": "973c8ea8-83b9-47db-9064-61955488185a", "subtextId": null, "source": { "id": "973c8ea8-83b9-47db-9064-61955488185a", "primary": true, "quoteId": "e4e8bee1-6535-483f-be7f-0a137a9935a2", "textId": "the-machiavellians", "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:52:13.862Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:52:13.862Z", "quote": { "id": "e4e8bee1-6535-483f-be7f-0a137a9935a2", "key": null, "content": "Under feudalism there was no developed central state power. The sovereignty of medieval kings, therefore, was largely fictional except as it held over their immediate feudal domain, or as it might suit the interests of their feudal peers to collaborate with them.", "notes": null, "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:52:13.862Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:52:13.862Z" } } }, { "id": "51178d77-5090-48a9-8fd3-301764d98390", "thingId": "32cb16dc-f9d2-49da-83d4-b1289bf0dcb4", "start": "35", "end": null, "startLine": 9, "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:53:23.263Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:53:52.545Z", "sourceId": "0ba49529-a123-4c26-806e-5849077aa27b", "subtextId": null, "source": { "id": "0ba49529-a123-4c26-806e-5849077aa27b", "primary": true, "quoteId": "51a71cd7-4e04-4354-ad05-f478f16b782e", "textId": "the-machiavellians", "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:53:23.263Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:53:52.545Z", "quote": { "id": "51a71cd7-4e04-4354-ad05-f478f16b782e", "key": null, "content": "Machiavelli divorced politics from ethics only in the same sense that science must divorce itself from ethics.", "notes": null, "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:53:23.263Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:53:52.545Z" } } }, { "id": "53762675-3f61-4706-96d7-c9acfde64d9a", "thingId": "32cb16dc-f9d2-49da-83d4-b1289bf0dcb4", "start": "39", "end": null, "startLine": 8, "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:55:42.964Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:55:42.964Z", "sourceId": "d18e7082-90b0-41fb-84ff-13e5203b62c1", "subtextId": null, "source": { "id": "d18e7082-90b0-41fb-84ff-13e5203b62c1", "primary": true, "quoteId": "621fff15-8b4e-4ef6-8db2-08ccd68560a3", "textId": "the-machiavellians", "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:55:42.964Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:55:42.964Z", "quote": { "id": "621fff15-8b4e-4ef6-8db2-08ccd68560a3", "key": null, "content": "The liberty of a Republic is secure only when its officials are elected for short, definite terms, which are never prolonged; ...the twilight of the Roman Republic, as of so many other republican states, was first plainly indicated by the practice of extending the terms of officials.", "notes": null, "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:55:42.964Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:55:42.964Z" } } }, { "id": "3faac83d-b78c-4e76-bb37-834875002453", "thingId": "32cb16dc-f9d2-49da-83d4-b1289bf0dcb4", "start": "39", "end": null, "startLine": 29, "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:56:33.445Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:56:33.445Z", "sourceId": "54079f63-73a4-44e1-adf4-cc3d02f131e9", "subtextId": null, "source": { "id": "54079f63-73a4-44e1-adf4-cc3d02f131e9", "primary": true, "quoteId": "f578da0d-c96a-4814-87cb-7e37b615e6f2", "textId": "the-machiavellians", "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:56:33.445Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:56:33.445Z", "quote": { "id": "f578da0d-c96a-4814-87cb-7e37b615e6f2", "key": null, "content": "Government is nothing but keeping subjects in such a posture as that they may have no will, or no power to offend you.", "notes": null, "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:56:33.445Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:56:33.445Z" } } }, { "id": "77ada601-7168-4f8a-b6bd-21133cd79051", "thingId": "32cb16dc-f9d2-49da-83d4-b1289bf0dcb4", "start": "40", "end": null, "startLine": 9, "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:58:15.689Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:58:15.689Z", "sourceId": "b0b09d16-789a-4e09-93e2-b40fdd490263", "subtextId": null, "source": { "id": "b0b09d16-789a-4e09-93e2-b40fdd490263", "primary": true, "quoteId": "6c257165-5b31-4d07-8d04-a3eb858110e4", "textId": "the-machiavellians", "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:58:15.689Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:58:15.689Z", "quote": { "id": "6c257165-5b31-4d07-8d04-a3eb858110e4", "key": null, "content": "No Empire is so firm, as where subjects exult in their obedience.", "notes": null, "createdAt": "2023-09-27T15:58:15.689Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T15:58:15.689Z" } } }, { "id": "5a8349a3-933c-478f-a71f-996e92cdeddf", "thingId": "32cb16dc-f9d2-49da-83d4-b1289bf0dcb4", "start": "42", "end": null, "startLine": 13, "createdAt": "2023-09-27T16:01:14.945Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T16:01:14.945Z", "sourceId": "f40a2890-7c43-4e37-a49f-ae11b1088472", "subtextId": null, "source": { "id": "f40a2890-7c43-4e37-a49f-ae11b1088472", "primary": false, "quoteId": "bff6867d-18e8-4f6d-a399-bd01634756d2", "textId": "the-machiavellians", "createdAt": "2023-09-27T16:01:14.945Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T16:01:14.945Z", "quote": { "id": "bff6867d-18e8-4f6d-a399-bd01634756d2", "key": null, "content": "'Tis not money (as the common opinion will have it) but good soldiers that is the sinews of war: for money cannot find good soldiers, but good soldiers will be free to find money...", "notes": "in Discourses, book 2, chapter 10", "createdAt": "2023-09-27T16:01:14.945Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T16:01:14.945Z" } } }, { "id": "1a4b2581-2eb5-493a-bc36-4d91bf1b5bf1", "thingId": "32cb16dc-f9d2-49da-83d4-b1289bf0dcb4", "start": "46", "end": null, "startLine": 25, "createdAt": "2023-09-27T16:08:20.978Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T16:08:20.978Z", "sourceId": "8ec0cd98-0865-4ef2-9486-a11d5b40d23b", "subtextId": null, "source": { "id": "8ec0cd98-0865-4ef2-9486-a11d5b40d23b", "primary": true, "quoteId": "89d4a46c-31f9-4180-aa3b-7c097004f3bf", "textId": "the-machiavellians", "createdAt": "2023-09-27T16:08:20.978Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T16:08:20.978Z", "quote": { "id": "89d4a46c-31f9-4180-aa3b-7c097004f3bf", "key": null, "content": "The proper study of politics is quite plainly distinct from the study of psychology, and the laws of politics can in no way be deduced from the laws of psychology.", "notes": null, "createdAt": "2023-09-27T16:08:20.978Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T16:08:20.978Z" } } }, { "id": "eefb0c58-88d1-4c20-8518-90e1a88217e1", "thingId": "32cb16dc-f9d2-49da-83d4-b1289bf0dcb4", "start": "50", "end": null, "startLine": 8, "createdAt": "2023-09-27T16:11:58.401Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T16:11:58.401Z", "sourceId": "4cf6f97e-58c3-4fda-a584-f5ffb268022e", "subtextId": null, "source": { "id": "4cf6f97e-58c3-4fda-a584-f5ffb268022e", "primary": true, "quoteId": "5a888d2b-d2bc-4e23-a81e-4cbfb057a3f6", "textId": "the-machiavellians", "createdAt": "2023-09-27T16:11:58.401Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T16:11:58.401Z", "quote": { "id": "5a888d2b-d2bc-4e23-a81e-4cbfb057a3f6", "key": null, "content": "The tendency, in political judgements, is toward black and white: the leader, or the proletariat, or the people, or the party, or the great captain is always right; the bosses or the crowd or the government, always wrong. From such reasoning flow not a few shocks and dismays at turns of events that might readily have been anticipated.", "notes": null, "createdAt": "2023-09-27T16:11:58.401Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T16:11:58.401Z" } } }, { "id": "1c143774-f739-4ae9-84f3-1b884301c050", "thingId": "32cb16dc-f9d2-49da-83d4-b1289bf0dcb4", "start": "56", "end": "57", "startLine": 20, "createdAt": "2023-09-27T16:15:19.694Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T16:15:19.694Z", "sourceId": "96fdee59-1648-4740-a44f-31fd1245a318", "subtextId": null, "source": { "id": "96fdee59-1648-4740-a44f-31fd1245a318", "primary": true, "quoteId": "bdc8d74a-9ea4-485f-864f-05bc3b2394a4", "textId": "the-machiavellians", "createdAt": "2023-09-27T16:15:19.694Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T16:15:19.694Z", "quote": { "id": "bdc8d74a-9ea4-485f-864f-05bc3b2394a4", "key": null, "content": "The very virtues of the good state contain the seeds of its own destruction. The strong and flourishing state is feared by all neighbors, and is therefore left in peace. War and the ways of force are neglected. The peace and prosperity breed idleness, luxury, and license; these, political corruption, tyranny, and weakness. The state is overcome by the force of uncorrupted neighbors, or itself enters a new cycle, where hard days and arms purge the corruption, and bring a new strength, a new virtue and prosperity. But once again, the degeneration sets in.", "notes": null, "createdAt": "2023-09-27T16:15:19.694Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-27T16:15:19.694Z" } } }, { "id": "f2ef140c-1df9-4969-9333-e6b0201b5ba4", "thingId": "32cb16dc-f9d2-49da-83d4-b1289bf0dcb4", "start": "62", "end": null, "startLine": 30, "createdAt": "2023-09-28T13:38:25.664Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T13:39:54.134Z", "sourceId": "fab564e4-3fa2-49d9-a7c0-df3372f1bf9e", "subtextId": null, "source": { "id": "fab564e4-3fa2-49d9-a7c0-df3372f1bf9e", "primary": true, "quoteId": "f1cd8b52-52db-4b04-a063-6fc4ae9c5d17", "textId": "the-machiavellians", "createdAt": "2023-09-28T13:38:25.664Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T13:39:54.134Z", "quote": { "id": "f1cd8b52-52db-4b04-a063-6fc4ae9c5d17", "key": null, "content": "Independence, the first condition of liberty, can be secured in the last analysis only by the armed strength of the citizenry itself, never by mercenaries or allies or money; consequently arms are the first foundation of liberty. There is no lasting safeguard for liberty in anything but one's own strength.\n\nInternally, also, liberty rests on force—on the public force of the state, however, never on the force exercised by private individuals or groups, which is invariably a direct threat to liberty. Guaranteed by force, then, internal liberty means government by law, with strict adherence to due legal process.", "notes": null, "createdAt": "2023-09-28T13:38:25.664Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T13:39:54.134Z" } } }, { "id": "b1fad5ff-8407-4875-8d16-3c6147d2e30f", "thingId": "32cb16dc-f9d2-49da-83d4-b1289bf0dcb4", "start": "63", "end": null, "startLine": 20, "createdAt": "2023-09-28T13:44:32.515Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T13:44:32.515Z", "sourceId": "39c06aee-2d53-4018-9484-1b98c888ac20", "subtextId": null, "source": { "id": "39c06aee-2d53-4018-9484-1b98c888ac20", "primary": true, "quoteId": "0fe416a2-5f30-4275-a675-f0525627d533", "textId": "the-machiavellians", "createdAt": "2023-09-28T13:44:32.515Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T13:44:32.515Z", "quote": { "id": "0fe416a2-5f30-4275-a675-f0525627d533", "key": null, "content": "The law is founded upon force, but the force in turn will destroy the law unless it is also bridled; but force can be bridled only by opposing force... the foundation of liberty is a balancing of forces... how hypocritical are the calls for a \"unity\" that is a mask for the suppression of all opposition, how fatally lying or wrong are all beliefs that liberty is the peculiar attribute of any single individual or group... Only out of the continuing clash of opposing groups can liberty flow.", "notes": null, "createdAt": "2023-09-28T13:44:32.515Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T13:44:32.515Z" } } }, { "id": "b445bb94-eb5e-4449-a1de-8137258538f9", "thingId": "32cb16dc-f9d2-49da-83d4-b1289bf0dcb4", "start": "69", "end": null, "startLine": 6, "createdAt": "2023-09-28T13:45:51.293Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T13:45:51.293Z", "sourceId": "a2e09e0b-3c79-4d35-b155-4c75e0ce50b7", "subtextId": null, "source": { "id": "a2e09e0b-3c79-4d35-b155-4c75e0ce50b7", "primary": true, "quoteId": "5bd767bc-55dd-401c-ad58-206a7396ba53", "textId": "the-machiavellians", "createdAt": "2023-09-28T13:45:51.293Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T13:45:51.293Z", "quote": { "id": "5bd767bc-55dd-401c-ad58-206a7396ba53", "key": null, "content": "The mere fact that the knowledge made explicit by Machiavelli has been put to bad uses, which is a potential fate of all knowledge, cannot explain why he is singled out for infamy.", "notes": null, "createdAt": "2023-09-28T13:45:51.293Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T13:45:51.293Z" } } }, { "id": "8a5d9ca1-14c7-4a38-be2b-5a2e8b136f49", "thingId": "32cb16dc-f9d2-49da-83d4-b1289bf0dcb4", "start": "69", "end": null, "startLine": 9, "createdAt": "2023-09-28T13:47:42.111Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T13:47:42.111Z", "sourceId": "1ce92d00-6715-4a5a-95fd-1f62d4b874e0", "subtextId": null, "source": { "id": "1ce92d00-6715-4a5a-95fd-1f62d4b874e0", "primary": true, "quoteId": "5ea7bf2e-d52a-4d83-9543-21bbbc86003d", "textId": "the-machiavellians", "createdAt": "2023-09-28T13:47:42.111Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T13:47:42.111Z", "quote": { "id": "5ea7bf2e-d52a-4d83-9543-21bbbc86003d", "key": null, "content": "The harsh opinion of Machiavelli has been more widespread in England and the United States than in the nations of Continental Europe. This is no doubt natural, because the distinguishing quality of Anglo-Saxon politics has always been hypocrisy, and hypocrisy must always be at pains to shy away from the truth.", "notes": null, "createdAt": "2023-09-28T13:47:42.111Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T13:47:42.111Z" } } }, { "id": "8a625826-8e69-4692-8d3c-b5f92d582bac", "thingId": "32cb16dc-f9d2-49da-83d4-b1289bf0dcb4", "start": "70", "end": null, "startLine": 19, "createdAt": "2023-09-28T13:52:18.327Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T13:52:18.327Z", "sourceId": "dd416fb7-9394-4b31-ae0b-ae028ba1a1ce", "subtextId": null, "source": { "id": "dd416fb7-9394-4b31-ae0b-ae028ba1a1ce", "primary": true, "quoteId": "213ccb97-b552-4e0b-bcd3-440168e58a0a", "textId": "the-machiavellians", "createdAt": "2023-09-28T13:52:18.327Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T13:52:18.327Z", "quote": { "id": "213ccb97-b552-4e0b-bcd3-440168e58a0a", "key": null, "content": "Small wonder that the powerful—in public—denounce Machiavelli. The powerful have long practice and much skill in sizing up their opponents. 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If man is only in small degree a rational animal, he is pre-eminently a verbal animal.", "notes": null, "createdAt": "2023-09-28T18:47:19.310Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T18:47:19.310Z" } } }, { "id": "fa1b74ca-01ce-4b07-b78d-55c1bb845df0", "thingId": "32cb16dc-f9d2-49da-83d4-b1289bf0dcb4", "start": "170", "end": null, "startLine": 28, "createdAt": "2023-09-28T18:48:04.206Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T18:48:04.206Z", "sourceId": "6342d56a-e6c1-4cd6-a492-84219d0a996f", "subtextId": null, "source": { "id": "6342d56a-e6c1-4cd6-a492-84219d0a996f", "primary": true, "quoteId": "2441a56b-ea73-4b09-a4a6-e6ae9591da4a", "textId": "the-machiavellians", "createdAt": "2023-09-28T18:48:04.206Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T18:48:04.206Z", "quote": { "id": "2441a56b-ea73-4b09-a4a6-e6ae9591da4a", "key": null, "content": "Most human beings constantly feel the need to \"do something,\" whether or not the something done can accomplish any desired purpose.", "notes": null, "createdAt": "2023-09-28T18:48:04.206Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T18:48:04.206Z" } } }, { "id": "47d00f1a-38b9-48cb-8231-3b349d1efc31", "thingId": "32cb16dc-f9d2-49da-83d4-b1289bf0dcb4", "start": "170", "end": "171", "startLine": 31, "createdAt": "2023-09-28T18:50:02.749Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T18:50:02.749Z", "sourceId": "76cbda32-6324-4550-84d6-4b6e93ebc6ff", "subtextId": null, "source": { "id": "76cbda32-6324-4550-84d6-4b6e93ebc6ff", "primary": true, "quoteId": "3da50319-3c2d-4568-950f-d51f6f8fa18a", "textId": "the-machiavellians", "createdAt": "2023-09-28T18:50:02.749Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T18:50:02.749Z", "quote": { "id": "3da50319-3c2d-4568-950f-d51f6f8fa18a", "key": null, "content": "Most persons always feel that something must be done to improve political and economic conditions, even though they have not the slightest idea whether what they do—making speeches or campaigning for votes or advocating this or that reform—will in fact affect conditions favorably; and most people are very impatient with anyone who remains passive \"while civilization is being destroyed.\"", "notes": null, "createdAt": "2023-09-28T18:50:02.749Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T18:50:02.749Z" } } }, { "id": "d8590add-9acd-40e5-bbf0-730fde1135f3", "thingId": "32cb16dc-f9d2-49da-83d4-b1289bf0dcb4", "start": "177", "end": null, "startLine": 25, "createdAt": "2023-09-28T18:50:51.395Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T18:50:51.395Z", "sourceId": "26f9d3fc-1bd0-41cf-80b7-0533fd45afaa", "subtextId": null, "source": { "id": "26f9d3fc-1bd0-41cf-80b7-0533fd45afaa", "primary": true, "quoteId": "cbdfe766-c71e-41c4-8a11-d2c5ed89b630", "textId": "the-machiavellians", "createdAt": "2023-09-28T18:50:51.395Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T18:50:51.395Z", "quote": { "id": "cbdfe766-c71e-41c4-8a11-d2c5ed89b630", "key": null, "content": "The intent of sincere humanitarians is to do good to society, just as the intent of the child who kills a bird by too much fondling is to do good to the bird.", "notes": null, "createdAt": "2023-09-28T18:50:51.395Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T18:50:51.395Z" } } }, { "id": "b16a6d01-f052-43d5-9bf1-b60709998eb5", "thingId": "32cb16dc-f9d2-49da-83d4-b1289bf0dcb4", "start": "183", "end": null, "startLine": 25, "createdAt": "2023-09-28T18:52:10.617Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T18:52:10.617Z", "sourceId": "145802e2-a44d-4143-8008-768360ada65e", "subtextId": null, "source": { "id": "145802e2-a44d-4143-8008-768360ada65e", "primary": true, "quoteId": "2a969468-bfe3-46c8-81c8-4771cc73eb10", "textId": "the-machiavellians", "createdAt": "2023-09-28T18:52:10.617Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T18:52:10.617Z", "quote": { "id": "2a969468-bfe3-46c8-81c8-4771cc73eb10", "key": null, "content": "Is the truth, or rather a knowledge of the truth, always advantageous to society? Is falsehood, or nonsense, always harmful? 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Naturally, it never happens that way. The modern despotisms have all marched to the tune of \"the workers\" or \"the people.\"", "notes": null, "createdAt": "2023-09-28T19:02:12.841Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T19:02:12.841Z" } } }, { "id": "806b1ea1-c922-41e7-9f78-052d88d5b5be", "thingId": "32cb16dc-f9d2-49da-83d4-b1289bf0dcb4", "start": "221", "end": "222", "startLine": 28, "createdAt": "2023-09-28T19:04:13.552Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T19:04:13.552Z", "sourceId": "f08082d3-8a14-4fe3-b4ef-5b60d06d645d", "subtextId": null, "source": { "id": "f08082d3-8a14-4fe3-b4ef-5b60d06d645d", "primary": true, "quoteId": "88289e21-ad36-48b8-bd75-7ac61dd1c083", "textId": "the-machiavellians", "createdAt": "2023-09-28T19:04:13.552Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T19:04:13.552Z", "quote": { "id": "88289e21-ad36-48b8-bd75-7ac61dd1c083", "key": null, "content": "In practice, in the real world rather than the mythical world of ideologies, a \"democracy\" means a political system in which there exists \"liberty\": that is, what Mosca calls \"juridicial defense,\" a measure of security for the individual which protects him from the arbitrary and irresponsible exercise of personally held power. Liberty or juridicial defense, moreover, is summed up and focused in the _right of opposition_, the right of opponents of the currently governing élite to express publicly their opposition views and to organize to implement those views.", "notes": null, "createdAt": "2023-09-28T19:04:13.552Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T19:04:13.552Z" } } }, { "id": "0c709dd8-ada2-4f25-b524-65c383a10cdf", "thingId": "32cb16dc-f9d2-49da-83d4-b1289bf0dcb4", "start": "222", "end": null, "startLine": 6, "createdAt": "2023-09-28T19:05:00.279Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T19:05:00.279Z", "sourceId": "669d08e5-5d59-4935-bc61-2d5406a4d632", "subtextId": null, "source": { "id": "669d08e5-5d59-4935-bc61-2d5406a4d632", "primary": true, "quoteId": "7ab3fdfd-b985-4e75-a2a6-f9afaf3b0442", "textId": "the-machiavellians", "createdAt": "2023-09-28T19:05:00.279Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T19:05:00.279Z", "quote": { "id": "7ab3fdfd-b985-4e75-a2a6-f9afaf3b0442", "key": null, "content": "Within any field of human interest, liberty is a necessary condition of scientific advance. 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They are under a compulsion to deceive themselves as well as others through some kind of irrational theory which will seek to justify their monopoly of those privileges, rather than to explain the annoying truths about how the privileges are in fact acquired and held.", "notes": null, "createdAt": "2023-09-28T19:16:38.151Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T19:16:38.151Z" } } }, { "id": "b9b791a4-2a8c-4fd9-9fff-f7381db90ab9", "thingId": "32cb16dc-f9d2-49da-83d4-b1289bf0dcb4", "start": "243", "end": null, "startLine": 25, "createdAt": "2023-09-28T19:18:25.727Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T19:18:25.727Z", "sourceId": "5d022a30-d434-40f1-a98b-e3369a924f14", "subtextId": null, "source": { "id": "5d022a30-d434-40f1-a98b-e3369a924f14", "primary": true, "quoteId": "40c08cf3-2e2c-462f-baf5-090c2d100f6c", "textId": "the-machiavellians", "createdAt": "2023-09-28T19:18:25.727Z", "updatedAt": "2023-09-28T19:18:25.727Z", "quote": { "id": "40c08cf3-2e2c-462f-baf5-090c2d100f6c", "key": null, "content": "A dilemma confronts any section of the élite that tries to act scientifically. 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